Podhale Rifles – the elite mountain corps of the Second Polish Republic The formation of the Podhale Rifle regiments in 1918 was a response to the need for specialized mountain units capable of fighting in the difficult terrain of the Carpathians. This formation, deriving from the traditions of the Polish Legions and the Austro-Hungarian army, combined highlander physical fitness with modern military training. The Podhale Rifles distinguished themselves during the Polish-Soviet War (e.g., the defense of Lwów) and the September Campaign of 1939 (the Battle of Węgierska Górka). Their characteristic uniforms – mountain troop capes and hats with plumes – became a symbol of soldierly ethos. Today, the traditions of the Podhale Rifles are upheld by the 21st Podhale Rifle Brigade, proving that the mountain spirit and specialized training remain relevant in the modern army. The Podhale Rifles are not only a part of history but a living legend of the Polish military.